Clausal subordination vs. (paratactic) coordination
In collaborative work with James Griffiths, I provide syntactic, pragmatic, and prosodic evidence to show that certain apparent cases of subordination (ki Clauses) in Turkish are actually cases of paratactic coordination or adjunction.
(i) Adem san-ıyor ki Havva elma-yı ye-di
Adem believe-PROG ki Havva apple-ACC eat-PST
"Adem believes that Havva ate the apple."
(ii) Ali Bey, ki evil bir adam-dır, Mine-yi taciz et-ti.
Ali Mr. ki married a man-COP Mine-ACC harassment make-PST
"Mr. Ali, who is a married man, harrassed Mine."
The results of a thorough syntactic and prosodic examination revealed that the assumptions of the traditional literature are false, and that ki is used in Turkish as a marker of parenthetical adjunction or coordination. This conclusion provides cross-linguistic support for idea that appositive/parenthetical elements fall into two superordinate natural classes — those that are adjoined to their hosts, and those that are coordinated with them (see Griffiths 2015c and here for more on this division).
Griffiths, J. & G. Güneş. 2014. Ki issues in Turkish: Parenthetical coordination and adjunction. In M. E. Kluck, D. Ott & M. de Vries (eds.), Parenthesis and Ellipsis: Cross-Linguistic and Theoretical Perspectives. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 173-217.
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Griffiths, J. & G. Güneş. 2018. An Indo-European Complementiser in Turkish: Against the subordination analysis. Clause Typing and the Syntax-to-Discourse Relation in Head-Final Languages. University of Konstanz – Germany, May.
G. Güneş. 2014. Parenthesis and Turkish ki. With James Griffiths. LINGDAY 2014. Istanbul – Turkey, May.
G. Güneş. 2014. An Indo-European Loan in Turkish and the Case of Germanic Appositives. With James Griffiths. 11th WoSSP. Barcelona-Spain, June.
Griffiths, J. & G. Güneş. 2013. Notes on ki. Paper presented at the S-Circle's Parentheticals workshop. Santa Cruz, April.
(i) Adem san-ıyor ki Havva elma-yı ye-di
Adem believe-PROG ki Havva apple-ACC eat-PST
"Adem believes that Havva ate the apple."
(ii) Ali Bey, ki evil bir adam-dır, Mine-yi taciz et-ti.
Ali Mr. ki married a man-COP Mine-ACC harassment make-PST
"Mr. Ali, who is a married man, harrassed Mine."
The results of a thorough syntactic and prosodic examination revealed that the assumptions of the traditional literature are false, and that ki is used in Turkish as a marker of parenthetical adjunction or coordination. This conclusion provides cross-linguistic support for idea that appositive/parenthetical elements fall into two superordinate natural classes — those that are adjoined to their hosts, and those that are coordinated with them (see Griffiths 2015c and here for more on this division).
Griffiths, J. & G. Güneş. 2014. Ki issues in Turkish: Parenthetical coordination and adjunction. In M. E. Kluck, D. Ott & M. de Vries (eds.), Parenthesis and Ellipsis: Cross-Linguistic and Theoretical Perspectives. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 173-217.
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Griffiths, J. & G. Güneş. 2018. An Indo-European Complementiser in Turkish: Against the subordination analysis. Clause Typing and the Syntax-to-Discourse Relation in Head-Final Languages. University of Konstanz – Germany, May.
G. Güneş. 2014. Parenthesis and Turkish ki. With James Griffiths. LINGDAY 2014. Istanbul – Turkey, May.
G. Güneş. 2014. An Indo-European Loan in Turkish and the Case of Germanic Appositives. With James Griffiths. 11th WoSSP. Barcelona-Spain, June.
Griffiths, J. & G. Güneş. 2013. Notes on ki. Paper presented at the S-Circle's Parentheticals workshop. Santa Cruz, April.